《协会保险条款诠释》
－第一编 新保险条款简介
第三编第6章1987年7月20日协会船舶港口险定期保险条款
第6章1987年7月20日协会船舶港口险定期保险条款
(Institute Time Clauses Hulls,-Port Risks 20/7/87)
This insurance is subject to English law and practice.
本保险受英国法律和惯例制约。
对这些用语的评论见第90页至91页。
第1条 航行条款(Navigation)
1 NAVIGATION
The Vessel has leave to proceed to and from any wet or dry docks harbours ways cradles and pontoons, within the limits specified in this insurance.
本保险承保保险船舶进出本保险明确规定的界限内的湿坞、干坞、港湾、船排承架和浮码头。
应当注意“在本保险明确规定的”界限内，亦即，在保险单生效之前的谈判阶段，船舶已进出湿坞、干坞等。当然，任何驶出该限定区域均要求另行谈判。
第2条 终止(Termination)
2 TERMINATION
This Clause 2 shall prevail notwithstanding any provision whether written typed or printed in this insurnace inconsistent therewith.
Unless Underwriters agree to the contrary in writing, this insurance shall terminate automatically at the time of
2.1 change of the Classification Society of the Vessel, or change, suspension, discontinuance, withdrawal or expiry of her Class therein. However where such change , suspension, discontinuance or withdrawal of her Class has resulted from loss or damage covered by Clause 4 of this insurance or which would be covered by an insurance of the Vessel subject to current Institute War and Strikes Clauses Hulls Time such automatic termination shall not operate-
2.2 any change, voluntary or otherwise, in the ownership or flay, transfer to new management, or charter on a bareboat basis, or requisition for title or use of the Vessel ,However, in the event of requisition for title or use without the prior execution of a written agreement by the Assured, such automatic termination shall occur fifteen days after such requisition whether the Vessel is in port or at sea.
2 终止
本保险的任何条款，不论是手写的，打印的还是印刷的，凡与本条不一致时，均以本条为准。
除非保险人书面另行同意，本保险在下列情况发生时自动终止：
2.1 保险船舶的船级社变更，或其船级变更、暂停、终止、撤回或期满，然而，如果此种船级变更、暂停、终止、撤回，是由于本保险第4条承保的灭失或损害造成的，或者是由现行协会船舶战争险和罢工险定期保险条款承保的灭失或损害引起的，此种自动终止将不生效－
2.2 自愿或以其他方式变更船舶所有权或船旗、转给新的管理人、光船出租或被征购或征用。不过，如果征购、征用未事先与被保险人签订书面协议，那么无论船舶是在海上还是在港内，此种自动终止将在船舶被征用后15天内开始生效。
黑体字部分的措辞强调本条是首要条款，无论保险单有任何相反规定，本条均优先适用。本条的条款除了没有关于船舶在海上时推迟保险单的自动终止之外，与协会船舶定期保险条款第5条相似，因为在港口险保险单生效期间，并不期望保险船舶会在海上。
第3条 转让条款
3 ASSIGNMET
No assignment of or interest in this insurance or in any moneys which maybe or become payable thereunder is to be binding on or recognized by the Underwriters unless a dated notice of such assignment or interest signed by the Assured, and by the assignor in the case of subsequent assignment, is endorsed on the Policy and the Policy with such endorsements produced before payment of any claim or return of premium thereunder.
本保险利益或依本保险得付或应付款项的转让，除非经被保险人，和在后续转让时经受让人，签署载有日期的此种转让通知批注在保险单上，并在支付赔偿或退还保险费之前，将如此批注的保险单提交给保险人，不约束保险人，或为保险人承认。
本条与协会船舶定期保险条款第21条相同。有关评论见第150页。
第4条 危险条款（Perils）
4 PERILS
4.1 This insurance covers loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured caused by
4.1.1 perils of the seas rivers lakes or other navigable waters
4.1.2 fire lightning explosion
4.1.3 violent theft by persons from outside the Vessel
4.1.4 jettison
4.1.5 piracy
4.1.6 breakdown of or accident to nuclear installations or reactors
4.1.7 contact with aircraft or similar objects, or objects falling therefrom, land conveyance, dock or harbour equipment or installation.
4.2 This insurance covers loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured caused by
4.2.1 accidents in loading discharging or shifting cargo or fuel
4.2.2 bursting of boilers breakage of shafts or any latent defect in the machinery or hull
4.2.3 negligence of Master Officers Crew or Pilots
4.2.4 negligence of repairers or charterers provided such repairers or charterers are not an Assured hereunder
4.2.5 barratry of Master Officers or Crew
provided such loss or damage has not resulted from want of due diligence by the Assured, Owners or Managers.
4.3 Master Officers Crew or Pilots not to be considered Owners within the meaning of this Clause 4 should they hold shares in the Vessel.
4 危险
4.1 本保险承保下列原因造成的保险标的的灭失或损害：
4.1.1.海上、江河、湖泊或其他可航水域的危险
4.1.2 火灾，闪电、爆炸
4.1.3 来自船舶外的人员的暴力盗窃
4.1.4 抛弃
4.1.5 海盗
4.1.6 核装置或核反应堆发生的故障或意外事故
4.1.7 与航空器或类似装置及其从上坠落的物体，陆上运输工具，码头，港口设备或装置的接触。
4.2 本保险承保下列原因造成的保险标的的灭失或损害：
4.2.1 装卸、搬移货物或燃料过程中的意外事故
4.2.2 锅炉破裂，尾轴断裂、或机器、船体的任何潜在缺陷
4.2.3 船长、高级船员、船员或引航员的过失
4.2.4 被保险人以外的修船人或承租人的过失
4.2.5 船长、高级船员、船员的欺诈恶行
如果此种灭失或损害并非由于被保险人、船东或管理人缺乏谨慎处理所致。
4.3 船长、高级船员、船员或引航员对保险船舶拥有股份的，不视为本第4条意义上的船东。
第5条 地震和火山爆发除外
5 Earthquake and Volcanic Eruption Exclusion
In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage liability or expenses caused by earthquake or volcanic eruption, This exclusion applies to all claims including claims under Clauses 7,9, 11 and 13.
在任何情况下，本保险均不承保因地震或火山爆发造成的灭失、损害、责任或费用。本条款除外适用于所有的索赔，包括根据第7条，第9条，第11条和第13条提出的索赔。
应当注意本保险的危险项目与协会船舶定期保险条款有所不同。变更的后果在于闪电包括在第4.1.2项，而第5条则明确将地震和火山爆发除外。除非保险人希望对火山活动收取附加保险费，著者想不出还有什么更合理的解释。
第6条 污染危险条款
6 Pollution Hazard
This insurance covers loss of or damage to the Vessel caused by any governmental authority acting under the powers vested in it to prevent or mitigate a pollution hazard, or threat thereof, resulting directly from damage to the Vessel for which the Underwriters are liable under this insurance, provided such act or governmental authority has not resulted from want of due diligence by the Assured, the Owners, or Managers of the Vessel or any of them to prevent or mitigate such hazard or threat. Master, Officers, Crew or Pilots not to be considered Owners within the meaning of this Clause6 should they hold shares in the Vessel.
本保险承保由于任何政府当局依其授权为防止或减少因保险船舶应由保险人负责的损害直接引起的污染危险或其威胁采取行动造成的保险船舶的损失或损害，如果政府当局的此种行为不是由于保险船舶的被保险人，船东或管理人在防止或减轻此种危险或其威胁方面未能谨慎处理所致。若船长、高级船员或引航员持有保险船舶的股份，不视为本第6条意义上的船东。
本条与1983年引入的协会船舶定期保险条款相同。相关评论见第118页。
第7条 碰撞责任
7 Collision Liability
7.1 The underwriters agree to indemnify the Assured for any sum or sums paid by the Assured to any other person or persons by reason of the Assured becoming legally liable by way of damages for
7.1.1 loss of or damage to any other vessel or property on any other vessel
7.1.2 delay to or loss of use of any such other vessel or property thereon
7.1.3 general average of, salvage of, or salvage under contract of, any such other vessel or property thereon,
where such payment by the Assured is in consequence of the Vessel hereby insured coming into collision with any other vessel.
7.2 The indemnity provided by this Clause 7 shall be in addition to the indemnity provided by the other terms and conditions of this insurance and shall be subject to the following provisions:
7.2.1 Where the insured Vessel is in collision with another vessel and both vessels are to blame then, unless the liability of one or both vessels becomes limited by law, the indemnity under this Clause 7 shall be calculated to the principle of cross-liabilities as if the respective Owners had been compelled to pay to each other such proportion of each other’s damages as may have been properly allowed in ascertaining the balance or sum payable by or to the Assured in consequence of the collision.
7.2.2 In no case shall the underwriters’ total liability under Clauses 7.1 and 7.2 exceed their proportionate part of the insured value of the Vessel hereby insured in respect of any one such collision.
7.3 The Underwriters will also pay the legal costs incurred by the Assured or which the Assured may be compelled to pay in contesting liability or taking proceedings to limit liability, with the prior written consent of the Underwriters.
EXCLUSIONS
7.4 Provided always that this Clause 7 shall in no case extend to any sum which the Assured shall pay for or in respect of
7.4.1 removal or disposal of obstructions, wrecks, cargoes or any other thing whatsoever
7.4.2 any real or personal property or thing whatsoever except other vessels or property on other vessels
7.4.3 the cargo or other property on, or the engagements of, the insured Vessel
7.4.4 loss of life, personal injury or illness
7.4.5pollution or contamination of any real or personal property or thing whatsoever(except other vessels with which the insured Vessel is in collision or property on such other vessels).
7.1 保险人同意赔偿被保险人因对下列损害赔偿负有法律责任而支付给任何其他人的任何金额：
7.1.1 任何其他船舶或该船上财产的灭失或损害
7.1.2 任何此种船舶或财产的延迟或丧失用途
7.1.3 由于保险船舶与其他船舶碰撞，被保险人对任何其他船舶或该船上财产的共同海损，海上救助或根据合同的海难救助而支付的报酬。
7.2 依本第7条规定的赔偿，是本保险其他条款和条件规定的赔偿之外的赔偿，且受下述条款的制约：
7.2.1 在保险船舶与另一船碰撞且两船均应负责任之情况下，那么除非一船或两船的责任受法律限制，根据本第7条的赔偿应按交叉责任的原则计算，好像各船东被迫按各自损害赔偿的比例相互赔偿，正如在确定由于碰撞应由被保险人支付或应支付给被保险人的余额或金额时本应已适当承认的那样。
7.2.2 在任何情况下，保险人根据第7.1款和7.2款对任何一次碰撞的总责任，不得超过保险船舶保险价值其应承担的比例部分。
7.3 保险人亦将支付经其事先书面同意，被保险人在抗辩责任或提起责任限制诉讼而发生的或可能被迫支付的法律费用。
除外责任
7.4 但本第7条在任何情况下，不扩展至被保险人应支付的或有关的下述任何金额：
7.4.1 障碍物、残骸、货物或任何其他物体的清除或处置
7.4.2 任何不动产或动产或任何物体，但其他船舶或该船上财产除外
7.4.3 保险船舶上的货物或其他财产或保险船舶的债务
7.4.4 人身伤亡，伤害或疾病
7.4.5 任何不动产或动产或任何其他物体（与保险船舶碰撞的其他船舶或该船上财产除外）的污染或沾污。
本条与协会船舶定期保险条款的相应条款有所不同。在港口险条款中，保险人同意承保被保险人因碰撞引起的损害，费用的全部责任，而非对涉及深海运输的船舶的3/4碰撞责任。本条的扩展，与第9条保赔条款一道，使得被保险人可能根据一份保险单，获得所要求的对于他的船舶的灭失或损害及他的潜在责任全部保险。
除了将3/4扩展至4/4责任之外，本第7条的具体规定和各项除外责任与1983年10月1日协会船舶定期保险条款中的碰撞责任条款相同。相关评论见第118页至第125页。
第8条 姐妹船条款
8 SISTERSHIP
Should the Vessel hereby insured come into collision with or receive salvage services from another vessel belonging wholly or in part to the same Owners or under the same management, the Assured shall have the same rights under this insurance as they would have were the other vessel entirely the property of Owners not interested in the Vessel hereby insured; but in such cases the liability for the collision or the amount payable for the services rendered shall be referred to a sole arbitrator to be agreed upon between the Underwriters and the Assured.
如果保险船舶与全部或部分属于同一所有人所有，或在同一管理下的另一船舶碰撞，或接受该船的救助服务，被保险人应享有的权利，与另一船完全属于与保险船舶无关的第三者时被保险人按本保险所应享有的权利相同；但在此种情况下，有关碰撞责任及救助费用数额的确定，应提交给一个保险人和被保险人双方同意的独任仲裁员裁决。
姐妹船条款与协会船舶定期保险条款的相应条款相同。
第9条 保障与赔偿条款
9 PROTECTION AND INDEMNTY
9.1 The Underwriters agree to indemnify the Assured for any sum or sums paid by the Assured to any other person or persons by reason of the Assured becoming legally liable, as owner of the Vessel, for any claim, demand, damages and/or expenses, where such liability is in consequence of any of the any claim, demand, damages and/or expenses, where such liability is in consequence during the period of this insurance.
9.1.1 loss of or damage to any fixed or movable object or property or other thing or interest whatsoever, other than the Vessel, arising from any cause whatsoever in so far as such loss or damage is not covered by Clause7.
9.1.2 any attempted or actual raising, removal or destruction of any fixed or movable object or property or other thing, including the wreck of the Vessel, or any neglect or failure to raise, remove, or destroy the same
9.1.3 liability assumed by the Assured under contracts of customary towage for the purpose of entering or leaving port or maneuvering within the port during the ordinary course of trading
9.1.4 loss of life, personal injury, illness or payments made for life salvage
9.1.5 liability under Clause1(a) of the current Lloyd’s Standard Form of Salvage Agreement in respect of unsuccessful, partially successful, or uncompleted services if and to the extent that the salvor’s expenses plus the increment exceed any amount otherwise recoverable under the Agreement.
9.2 The Underwriters agree to indemnify the Assured for any of the following arising from an accident or occurrence during the period of this insurance:
9.2.1 the additional cost of fuel, insurance, wages, stores, provisions and port charges reasonably incurred solely for the purpose of landing from the Vessel sick or injured persons or stowaways, refugees, or persons saved at sea.
9.2.2 additional expenses brought about by the outbreak of infectious disease on board the Vessel or ashore
9.2.3 fines imposed on the Vessel, on the Assured, or on any Master Officer crew member or agent of the Vessel who is reimbursed by the Assured, for any act or neglect or breach of any statute or regulation relating to the operation of the Vessel, provided that the Underwriters shall not be liable to indemnify the Assured their agents or servants other than Master Officer or crew member
9.2.4 the expenses of the removal of the wreck of the Vessel from any place owner, leased or occupied by the Assured
9.2.5 legal costs incurred by the Assured, or which the Assured may be compelled to pay, in avoiding, minimising or contesting liability with the prior written consent of the Underwriters.
EXCLUXIONS
9.3 Notwithstanding the provisions of Clause 9.1 and 9.2 this Clause 9 does not cover any liability cost or expense arising in respect of:
9.3.1 any direct or indirect payment by the Assured under workmen’s compensation or employers’ liability acts and any other statutory or common law, general maritime law or other liability whatsoever in respect of accidents to or illness of workmen or any other persons employed in any capacity whatsoever by the Assured or others in on or about or in connection with the Vessel or her cargo, materials or repairs
9.3.2 liability assumed by the Assured under agreement expressed or implied in respect of death or illness of or injury to any person employed under a contract of service or apprenticeship by the other party to such agreement
9.3.3 punitive or exemplary damages, however described
9.3.4 cargo or other property carried, to be carried or which has been carried on board the Vessel but this Clause 9.3.4 shall not exclude any claim in respect of the extra cost of removing cargo from the wreck of the Vessel
9.3.5 property, owned by builders or repairers or for which they are responsible, which is on board the Vessel
9.3.6 liability arising under a contract or indemnity in respect of containers, equipment, fuel or other property on board the Vessel and which is owned or leased by the Assured
9.3.7 cash, negotiable instruments, precious metals or stones, valuables or objects of a rare or precious nature, belonging to person on board the Vessel, or non-essential personal effects of any Master, Officer or crew member
9.3.8 fuel, insurance, wages, stores, provisions and port charges arising from delay to the Vessel while awaiting a substitute for any Master, Officer or crew member.
9.3.9 fines or penalties arising from overloading or illegal fishing
9.3.10 pollution or contamination of any real or personal property or thing whatsoever (This Clause 9.3.10 shall not exclude any amount recoverable under Clause 9.1.5)
9.3.11 general average, sue and labour and salvage charges, salvage, and/or collision liability to any extent that they are not recoverable under Clauses 7, 11 and 13 by reason of the agreed value and/or the amount insured in respect of the Vessel being inadequate.
9.4 The indemnity provided by this Clause 9 shall be in addition to the indemnity provided by the other terms and conditions of this insurance.
9.5 where the Assured or the Underwriters may or could have limited their liability the indemnity under this Clause 9 in respect of such liability shall not exceed Underwriters’ proportionate part of the amount of such limitation.
9.6 In no case shall the Underwriter’s liability under this Clause 9 in respect of each separate accident or occurrence or series of accidents arising out of the same event, exceed their proportionate part of the insured value of the Vessel.
9.7 PROVIDED ALWAYS THAT
9.7.1 Prompt notice must be given to the Underwriters of every casualty event or claim upon the Assured which may give rise to a claim under this Clause 9 and of every event or matter which may cause the Assured to incur liability costs or expense for which he may be insured under this Clause 9.
9.7.2 the Assured shall not admit liability for or settle any claim for which he may be insured under this Clause 9 without the prior written consent of the Underwriters.
9.1 保险人同意赔偿被保险人由于其作为船东对任何索赔、要求、损害及/或费用而向任何其他人支付的任何金额或款项负有法律责任，如果此种责任是因任何下述事情或问题引起，或由于发生于本保险期间的某一意外事故或事件所致：
9.1.1 除了船舶以外的任何固定或可移动物体或财产或其他物品或无论何种利益的灭失或损害，此种灭失或损害是由于除第7条承保之外的任何其他原因所致者
9.1.2 清除、销毁任何固定或可移动物体或财产或其他物品（包括船舶残骸）的任何企图或实际举措，或由于采取这些措施或未能采取这些措施的过失
9.1.3 被保险人为进出港口或在通常运输过程期间在港内移动之目的，根据习惯拖带合同，应承担的责任
9.1.4 人员伤亡，伤害疾病或因救助人命而支付的费用
9.1.5 根据现行劳氏救助协议标准格式第1条（a）款有关不成功的部分，成功的或未完成的救助服务产生的责任，如果且在救助人的费用加上超过根据该救助协议本来应可获得的任何增加的报酬。
9.2 保险人同意赔偿被保险人在本保险期间因下列意外事故或事件引起的任何损失：
9.2.1 纯属为了将船上生病或受伤人员或无票乘客或避难者或在海上获救人员送上岸之目的而合理发生的附加燃料，保险，工资，给养等费用及港口使费
9.2.2 船上或岸上爆发传染性疾病引起的附加费用
9.2.3 对船舶，被保险人，或任何船长，高级船员，船员或应由被保险人补偿的船舶代理人，因任何行为或过失或违反有关船舶营运的任何法规或规章课加的罚款，假如保险人不负责赔偿被保险人由于被保险人除了船长、高级船员或船员之外的其代理人或雇员的任何行为、过失、疏忽或违约而被课加的罚款
9.2.4 自被保险人拥有、租赁或占有的任何地点清除船舶残骸的费用
9.2.5 经保险人事先书面同意的，被保险人为避免、减轻或抗辩责任而被迫支付的法律费用
除外责任
9.3 尽管有9.1款和9.2款的规定，本第9条并不承保因下列原因引起的任何责任，花费或费用
9.3.1 根据劳工赔偿或雇员责任法任何成文法或普通法，一般海上法因有关意外事故或工人的疾病或被保险人雇用的任何身份的任何人员或有关船舶或其货物，原材料或修理的任何其他人员而引起的其他责任，被保险人直接或间接支付的任何款项
9.3.2 被保险人按照明示或默示协议对有关任何根据服务或学徒合同雇用的任何人员的疾病，伤害或伤亡，依此种协议对其他当事方应承担的责任